openSUSE Leap (小褌褉懈斜芯泻) 15.4
袩褉懈屑褨褌泻懈 写芯 胁懈锌褍褋泻褍
openSUSE Leap 鈥� 褑械 胁褨谢褜薪邪 芯锌械褉邪褑褨泄薪邪 褋懈褋褌械屑邪 薪邪 斜邪蟹褨 Linux 写谢褟 袙邪褕芯谐芯 袩袣,
薪芯褍褌斜褍泻邪 邪斜芯 褋械褉胁械褉邪. 袙懈 屑芯卸械褌械 斜谢褍泻邪褌懈 锌褉芯褋褌芯褉邪屑懈 褨薪褌械褉薪械褌褍, 褍锌褉邪胁谢褟褌懈 锌芯褕褌芯褞
褌邪 褋胁褨褌谢懈薪邪屑懈, 胁懈泻芯薪褍胁邪褌懈 芯褎褨褋薪褍 褉芯斜芯褌褍, 写懈胁懈褌懈褋褟 胁褨写械芯 褔懈 褋谢褍褏邪褌懈 屑褍蟹懈泻褍 褌邪
芯褌褉懈屑邪褌懈 斜械蟹谢褨褔 蟹邪写芯胁芯谢械薪薪褟!
: 芯. 袉胁邪薪 袩械褌褉褍褖邪泻, 袗薪写褉褨泄 袘邪薪写褍褉邪, 孝邪褉邪褋 袩邪薪褔械薪泻芯
袛邪褌邪 锌褍斜谢褨泻邪褑褨褩2022-05-11, 15.4.20220511
1 袙褋褌邪薪芯胁谢械薪薪褟
2 袨薪芯胁谢械薪薪褟 褋懈褋褌械屑懈
3 袟屑褨薪懈 褍 锌邪泻褍薪泻邪褏
4 袛褉邪泄胁械褉懈 褌邪 芯斜谢邪写薪邪薪薪褟
5 小褌褨谢褜薪懈褑褟
6 袛芯写邪褌泻芯胁褨 胁褨写芯屑芯褋褌褨 褌邪 蟹胁芯褉芯褌薪褨泄 蟹胁'褟蟹芯泻
笑械 褌褨谢褜泻懈 锌芯褔邪褌泻芯胁邪 胁械褉褋褨褟 锌褉懈屑褨褌芯泻 写芯 锌褉懈泄写械褕薪褜芯谐芯 胁懈锌褍褋泻褍 openSUSE Leap 15.4.
携泻褖芯 胁懈 芯薪芯胁谢褞褦褌械褋褟 蟹 褋褌邪褉褨褕芯褩 胁械褉褋褨褩 写芯 褑褜芯谐芯 胁懈锌褍褋泻褍 openSUSE, 写懈胁. 锌芯锌械褉械写薪褨
锌褉懈屑褨褌泻懈 褌褍褌: https://en.opensuse.org/openSUSE:Release_Notes.
笑褞 褌械褋褌芯胁褍 斜械褌邪-胁械褉褋褨褞 胁懈锌褍褖械薪芯 锌褉芯械泻褌芯屑 openSUSE. 袉薪褎芯褉屑邪褑褨褞 锌褉芯 褑械泄 锌褉芯械泻褌
屑芯卸薪邪 蟹薪邪泄褌懈 薪邪 https://www.opensuse.org.
袉薪褎芯褉屑邪褑褨褞 锌褉芯 胁褨写芯屑褨 胁邪写懈 褑褨褦褩 锌芯锌械褉械写薪褜芯褩 胁械褉褋褨褩 OpenSUSE Leap 15.4 屑芯卸薪邪
蟹薪邪泄褌懈 薪邪 openSUSE Bugzilla. 袩芯写褉芯斜懈褑褨 写懈胁. 薪邪 https://en.opensuse.org/
Submitting_Bug_Reports. 携泻褖芯 胁懈 褏芯褔械褌械 褖芯褋褜 写芯写邪褌懈 胁 褑褨 锌褉懈屑褨褌泻懈 写芯 胁懈锌褍褋泻褍,
褌芯, 斜褍写褜 谢邪褋泻邪, 薪邪锌懈褕褨褌褜 蟹胁褨褌 锌褉芯 胁邪写褍 褍 泻芯屑锌芯薪械薪褌 芦袩褉懈屑褨褌泻懈 写芯 胁懈锌褍褋泻褍禄.
1 袙褋褌邪薪芯胁谢械薪薪褟
笑械泄 褉芯蟹写褨谢 屑褨褋褌懈褌褜 蟹邪褍胁邪卸械薪薪褟 锌芯 褍褋褌邪薪芯胁褑褨. 袛芯泻谢邪写薪褨 褨薪褋褌褉褍泻褑褨褩 蟹褨 胁褋褌邪薪芯胁谢械薪薪褟
写懈胁. 褍 写芯泻褍屑械薪褌邪褑褨褩 薪邪 https://doc.opensuse.org/documentation/leap/startup/html
/book.opensuse.startup/part-basics.html.
1.1 袙懈泻芯褉懈褋褌邪薪薪褟 邪褌芯屑邪褉薪懈褏 芯薪芯胁谢械薪褜 褨蟹 褋懈褋褌械屑薪芯褞 褉芯谢谢褞 孝褉邪薪蟹邪泻褑褨泄薪懈泄 褋械褉胁械褉
袩褉芯谐褉邪屑邪 胁褋褌邪薪芯胁谢械薪薪褟 锌褨写褌褉懈屑褍褦 褋懈褋褌械屑薪褍 褉芯谢褜 孝褉邪薪蟹邪泻褑褨泄薪懈泄 褋械褉胁械褉. 笑褟 褋懈褋褌械屑薪邪
褉芯谢褜 屑褨褋褌懈褌褜 褋懈褋褌械屑褍 芯薪芯胁谢械薪薪褟, 褟泻邪 蟹邪褋褌芯褋芯胁褍褦 邪褌芯屑邪褉薪褨 芯薪芯胁谢械薪薪褟 (褟泻 芯写薪邪
芯锌械褉邪褑褨褟) 褌邪 写芯蟹胁芯谢褟褦 谢械谐泻芯 锌芯胁械褉薪褍褌懈褋褜 写芯 锌芯锌械褉械写薪褜芯谐芯 褋褌邪薪褍 蟹邪 薪械芯斜褏褨写薪芯褋褌褨.
笑褨 褎褍薪泻褑褨褩 蟹邪褋薪芯胁邪薪褨 薪邪 褨薪褋褌褉褍屑械薪褌邪褏 泻械褉褍胁邪薪薪褟 锌邪泻褍薪泻邪屑懈, 薪邪 褟泻褨 褌邪泻芯卸
锌芯泻谢邪写邪褞褌褜褋褟 胁褋褨 褨薪褕褨 写懈褋褌褉懈斜褍褌懈胁懈 SUSE 褌邪 openSUSE. 笑械 芯蟹薪邪褔邪褦, 褖芯 锌械褉械胁邪卸薪邪
斜褨谢褜褕褨褋褌褜 锌邪泻械褌褨胁 RPM, 褟泻褨 锌褉邪褑褞褞褌褜 蟹 褨薪褕懈屑懈 褋懈褋褌械屑薪懈屑懈 褉芯谢褟屑懈 openSUSE Leap
15.4, 褌邪泻芯卸 锌褉邪褑褞褞褌褜 褨蟹 褋懈褋褌械屑薪芯褞 褉芯谢谢褞 孝褉邪薪蟹邪泻褑褨泄薪懈泄 褋械褉胁械褉.
袩褉懈屑褨褌泻邪
袩褉懈屑褨褌泻邪袧械褋褍屑褨褋薪褨 锌邪泻褍薪泻懈
袛械褟泻褨 锌邪泻褍薪泻懈 蟹屑褨薪褞褞褌褜 胁屑褨褋褌 /var 邪斜芯 /srv 褍 褋胁芯褩褏 褋褑械薪邪褉褨褟褏 RPM %post. 笑褨
锌邪泻褍薪泻懈 薪械褋褍屑褨褋薪褨. 携泻褖芯 胁懈 蟹薪邪泄褕谢懈 褌邪泻懈泄 锌邪泻褍薪芯泻, 薪邪写褨褕谢褨褌褜 蟹胁褨褌 锌褉芯 胁邪写褍.
袛谢褟 蟹邪斜械蟹锌械褔械薪薪褟 褑懈褏 胁谢邪褋褌懈胁芯褋褌械泄 褋懈褋褌械屑邪 芯薪芯胁谢械薪薪褟 锌芯泻谢邪写邪褦褌褜褋褟 薪邪:
鈥� Btrfs 蟹薪褨屑泻懈聽 袩械褉械写 锌芯褔邪褌泻芯屑 芯薪芯胁谢械薪薪褟 褋懈褋褌械屑懈 褋褌胁芯褉褞褦褌褜褋褟 薪芯胁懈泄 蟹薪褨屑芯泻
泻芯褉械薪械胁芯褩 褎邪泄谢芯胁芯褩 褋懈褋褌械屑懈 Btrfs. 袩芯褌褨屑 褍褋褨 芯薪芯胁谢械薪薪褟 胁褋褌邪薪芯胁谢褞褞褌褜褋褟 胁 褑械泄
蟹薪褨屑芯泻 Btrfs. 些芯斜 蟹邪胁械褉褕懈褌懈 芯薪芯胁谢械薪薪褟, 胁懈 屑芯卸械褌械 锌械褉械蟹邪胁邪薪褌邪卸懈褌懈 褋懈褋褌械屑褍 蟹
薪芯胁芯谐芯 蟹薪褨屑泻褍.
些芯斜 锌芯胁械褉薪褍褌懈褋褜 写芯 锌芯锌械褉械写薪褜芯谐芯 褋褌邪薪褍 褋懈褋褌械屑懈 锌褉芯褋褌芯 蟹邪胁邪薪褌邪卸褌械 褋懈褋褌械屑褍 蟹
锌芯锌械褉械写薪褜芯谐芯 蟹薪褨屑泻褍.
鈥� 袣芯褉械薪械胁邪 褎邪泄谢芯胁邪 褋懈褋褌械屑邪 谢懈褕械 写谢褟 褔懈褌邪薪薪褟聽 些芯斜 褍薪懈泻薪褍褌懈 锌褉芯斜谢械屑 褌邪 胁褌褉邪褌懈
写邪薪懈褏 褔械褉械蟹 芯薪芯胁谢械薪薪褟, 泻芯褉械薪械胁邪 褎邪泄谢芯胁邪 褋懈褋褌械屑邪 屑邪褦 斜褍褌懈 薪械写芯褋褟卸薪邪 写谢褟
蟹邪锌懈褋褍胁邪薪薪褟 褍 胁褋褨褏 褨薪褕懈褏 胁懈锌邪写泻邪褏. 孝邪泻懈屑 褔懈薪芯屑, 锌褨写 褔邪褋 薪芯褉屑邪谢褜薪芯褩 褉芯斜芯褌懈
泻芯褉械薪械胁邪 褎邪泄谢芯胁邪 褋懈褋褌械屑邪 屑芯薪褌褍褦褌褜褋褟 谢懈褕械 写谢褟 褔懈褌邪薪薪褟.
些芯斜 褑械 薪邪谢邪褕褌褍胁邪薪薪褟 锌褉邪褑褞胁邪谢芯, 薪械芯斜褏褨写薪芯 胁薪械褋褌懈 写胁褨 写芯写邪褌泻芯胁褨 蟹屑褨薪懈 写芯
褎邪泄谢芯胁芯褩 褋懈褋褌械屑懈: 褖芯斜 写芯蟹胁芯谢懈褌懈 蟹邪锌懈褋 泻芯薪褎褨谐褍褉邪褑褨褩 泻芯褉懈褋褌褍胁邪褔邪 胁 /etc, 褑褟
褌械泻邪 邪胁褌芯屑邪褌懈褔薪芯 薪邪谢邪褕褌芯胁褍褦褌褜褋褟 薪邪 胁懈泻芯褉懈褋褌邪薪薪褟 OverlayFS. /var 褌械锌械褉 褦
芯泻褉械屑懈屑 锌褨写褌芯屑芯屑 蟹 锌褉邪胁邪屑懈 薪邪 蟹邪锌懈褋 写谢褟 锌褉芯褑械褋褨胁.
袙邪卸谢懈胁芯
袙邪卸谢懈胁芯孝褉邪薪蟹邪泻褑褨泄薪芯屑褍 褋械褉胁械褉褍 锌芯褌褉褨斜薪芯 锌褉懈薪邪泄屑薪褨 12 袚袘 写懈褋泻芯胁芯谐芯 锌褉芯褋褌芯褉褍
小懈褋褌械屑薪褨泄 褉芯谢褨 孝褉邪薪蟹邪泻褑褨泄薪懈泄 褋械褉胁械褉 锌芯褌褉褨斜械薪 写懈褋泻芯胁懈泄 锌褉芯褋褌褨褉 褖芯薪邪泄屑械薪褕械 12 袚斜
写谢褟 褉芯蟹屑褨褖械薪薪褟 蟹薪褨屑泻褨胁 Btrfs.
袙邪卸谢懈胁芯
袙邪卸谢懈胁芯YaST 袧械 锌褉邪褑褞褦 褌褉邪薪褋邪泻褑褨泄薪懈泄 褉械卸懈屑
袧邪褉邪蟹褨 YaST 薪械 锌褉邪褑褞褦 蟹 褌褉邪薪蟹邪泻褑褨泄薪懈屑懈 芯薪芯胁谢械薪薪褟屑懈. 笑械 褌芯屑褍, 褖芯 YaST 胁懈泻芯薪褍褦
写褨褩 薪械谐邪泄薪芯 褨 褌芯屑褍, 褖芯 胁褨薪 薪械 屑芯卸械 褉械写邪谐褍胁邪褌懈 褎邪泄谢芯胁褍 褋懈褋褌械屑褍 谢懈褕械 写谢褟 褔懈褌邪薪薪褟.
些芯斜 锌褉邪褑褞胁邪褌懈 蟹 褌褉邪薪蟹邪泻褑褨泄薪懈屑懈 芯薪芯胁谢械薪薪褟屑懈, 蟹邪胁卸写懈 胁懈泻芯褉懈褋褌芯胁褍泄褌械 泻芯屑邪薪写褍
transactional-update 蟹邪屑褨褋褌褜 YaST 褨 Zypper 写谢褟 泻械褉褍胁邪薪薪褟 胁褋褨屑 锌褉芯谐褉邪屑薪懈屑
蟹邪斜械蟹锌械褔械薪薪褟屑:
鈥� 袨薪芯胁懈褌懈 褋懈褋褌械屑褍: 褌褉邪薪褋邪泻褑褨泄薪械 芯薪芯胁谢械薪薪褟
鈥� 袙褋褌邪薪芯胁懈褌懈 锌邪泻褍薪芯泻: transactional-update pkg in 袧袗袟袙袗_袩袗袣校袧袣校
鈥� 袙懈谢褍褔懈褌懈 锌邪泻褍薪芯泻: transactional-update pkg rm 袧袗袟袙袗_袩袗袣校袧袣校
鈥� 些芯斜 锌芯胁械褉薪褍褌懈 芯褋褌邪薪薪褨泄 蟹薪褨屑芯泻, 褌芯斜褌芯 芯褋褌邪薪薪褨泄 薪邪斜褨褉 蟹屑褨薪 褍 泻芯褉械薪械胁褨泄
褎邪泄谢芯胁褨泄 褋懈褋褌械屑褨, 锌械褉械泻芯薪邪泄褌械褋褟, 褖芯 胁邪褕邪 褋懈褋褌械屑邪 蟹邪胁邪薪褌邪卸械薪邪 锌械褉械写芯褋褌邪薪薪褨屑
蟹薪褨屑泻芯屑 褌邪 蟹邪锌褍褋褌褨褌褜: transactional-update rollback
袟邪 斜邪卸邪薪薪褟屑 写芯写邪泄褌械 ID 蟹薪褨屑泻邪 胁 泻褨薪械褑褜 泻芯屑邪薪写懈, 褖芯斜 胁褨写泻芯褌懈褌懈褋褟 写芯
胁懈蟹薪邪褔械薪芯谐芯 ID.
袩褉懈 胁懈泻芯褉懈褋褌邪薪薪褨 褑褨褦褩 褋懈褋褌械屑薪芯褩 褉芯谢褨, 褌懈锌芯胁芯, 褋懈褋褌械屑邪 胁懈泻芯薪褍胁邪褌懈屑械 褖芯写械薪薪械
芯薪芯胁谢械薪薪褟 褌邪 锌械褉械蟹邪胁邪薪褌邪卸褍胁邪褌懈屑械褌褜褋褟 屑褨卸 03:30 褉邪薪泻褍 褌邪 05:00 褉邪薪泻褍. 袨斜懈写胁褨 褑褨
写褨褩 蟹邪褋薪芯胁邪薪褨 薪邪 systemd 褨, 蟹邪 锌芯褌褉械斜懈, 褩褏 屑芯卸薪邪 胁懈屑泻薪褍褌懈 蟹邪 写芯锌芯屑芯谐芯褞
systemctl:
systemctl disable --now transactional-update.timer rebootmgr.service
袛谢褟 芯褌褉懈屑邪薪薪褟 写芯写邪褌泻芯胁芯褩 褨薪褎芯褉屑邪褑褨褩 锌褉芯 褌褉邪薪蟹邪泻褑褨泄薪褨 芯薪芯胁谢械薪薪褟 写懈胁褨褌褜褋褟
锌褍斜谢褨泻邪褑褨褩 斜谢芯谐褍 openSUSE Kubic https://kubic.opensuse.org/blog/
2018-04-04-transactionalupdates/ 褌邪 https://kubic.opensuse.org/blog/
2018-04-20-transactionalupdates2/.
1.2 袙褋褌邪薪芯胁谢械薪薪褟 薪邪 薪邪泻芯锌懈褔褍胁邪褔褨 褦屑薪褨褋褌褞 屑械薪褕械 蟹邪 12 袚袘
袩褉芯谐褉邪屑邪 胁褋褌邪薪芯胁谢械薪薪褟 蟹邪锌褉芯锌芯薪褍褦 褋褏械屑褍 褉芯蟹锌芯写褨谢褍, 谢懈褕械 褟泻褖芯 写芯褋褌褍锌薪懈泄 褉芯蟹屑褨褉
薪邪泻芯锌懈褔褍胁邪褔邪 锌械褉械胁懈褖褍褦 12 袚袘. 携泻褖芯 胁懈 褏芯褔械褌械 薪邪谢邪褕褌褍胁邪褌懈, 薪邪锌褉懈泻谢邪写, 写褍卸械
屑邪谢械薪褜泻褨 芯斜褉邪蟹懈 胁褨褉褌褍邪谢褜薪懈褏 屑邪褕懈薪, 褋泻芯褉懈褋褌邪泄褌械褋褟 泻械褉芯胁邪薪懈屑 褉芯蟹锌芯写褨谢褜薪懈泻芯屑, 褖芯斜
薪邪谢邪褕褌褍胁邪褌懈 锌邪褉邪屑械褌褉懈 褉芯蟹斜懈褌褌褟 胁褉褍褔薪褍.
1.3 UEFI鈥擴nified Extensible Firmware Interface (芯斜'褦写薪邪薪懈泄 褉芯蟹褕懈褉械薪懈泄
胁斜褍写芯胁邪薪懈泄 褨薪褌械褉褎械泄褋)
袩械褉械写 胁褋褌邪薪芯胁谢械薪薪褟屑 openSUSE 薪邪 褋懈褋褌械屑褍, 褟泻邪 蟹邪胁邪薪褌邪卸褍褦褌褜褋褟 蟹邪 写芯锌芯屑芯谐芯褞 UEFI
(Unified Extensible Firmware Interface), 屑懈 褉械泻芯屑械薪写褍褦屑芯 胁邪屑 锌械褉械胁褨褉懈褌懈
薪邪褟胁薪褨褋褌褜 芯薪芯胁谢械薪褜 锌褉芯褕懈胁泻懈, 褉械泻芯屑械薪写芯胁邪薪懈褏 胁懈褉芯斜薪懈泻芯屑, 褨 褍 胁懈锌邪写泻褍 褩褏
褨褋薪褍胁邪薪薪褟 胁褋褌邪薪芯胁懈褌懈 褌邪泻褨 芯薪芯胁谢械薪薪褟. 袧邪锌械褉械写 胁褋褌邪薪芯胁谢械薪邪 Windows 8 褔懈 薪芯胁褨褕邪 褦
斜械蟹锌械褉械褔薪芯褞 芯蟹薪邪泻芯褞 褌芯谐芯, 褖芯 胁邪褕邪 褋懈褋褌械屑邪 胁懈泻芯褉懈褋褌芯胁褍褦 UEFI.
袨斜覒褉褍薪褌褍胁邪薪薪褟: 袛械褟泻褨 锌褉芯褕懈胁泻懈 UEFI 屑褨褋褌褟褌褜 锌芯屑懈谢泻懈, 褖芯 锌褉懈蟹胁芯写褟褌褜 写芯 蟹斜芯褞 褍
褉邪蟹褨 蟹邪锌懈褋褍 蟹邪薪邪写褌芯 胁械谢懈泻芯谐芯 芯斜褋褟谐褍 写邪薪懈褏 胁 芯斜谢邪褋褌褜 蟹斜械褉褨谐邪薪薪褟 UEFI. 些芯
褏邪褉邪泻褌械褉薪芯, 薪褨褏褌芯 褌芯褔薪芯 薪械 蟹薪邪褦, 薪邪褋泻褨谢褜泻懈 芦胁械谢懈泻懈泄禄 芯斜褋褟谐 锌褉懈蟹胁芯写懈褌褜 写芯 褌邪泻芯谐芯
蟹斜芯褞.
openSUSE 屑褨薪褨屑褨蟹褍褦 褑械泄 褉懈蟹懈泻, 蟹邪锌懈褋褍褞褔懈 屑褨薪褨屑邪谢褜薪懈泄 芯斜褋褟谐 写邪薪懈褏, 薪械芯斜褏褨写薪懈褏 写谢褟
蟹邪胁邪薪褌邪卸械薪薪褟 袨小. 袩褨写 屑褨薪褨屑邪谢褜薪懈屑 褉芯蟹褍屑褨褦褌褜褋褟 胁泻邪蟹褨胁泻邪 锌褉芯褕懈胁褑褨 UEFI 薪邪
褉芯蟹褌邪褕褍胁邪薪薪褟 蟹邪胁邪薪褌邪卸褍胁邪褔邪 openSUSE. 小锌械褑褨邪谢褜薪褨 屑芯卸谢懈胁芯褋褌褨 褟写褉邪 Linux, 褖芯
胁懈泻芯褉懈褋褌芯胁褍褞褌褜 芯斜谢邪褋褌褜 蟹斜械褉褨谐邪薪薪褟 UEFI 写谢褟 胁褨写芯屑芯褋褌械泄 锌褉芯 蟹邪胁邪薪褌邪卸械薪薪褟 褨 蟹斜芯褩
(pstore), 褦 褌懈锌芯胁芯 胁懈屑泻薪械薪褨. 孝懈屑 薪械 屑械薪褕, 褉械泻芯屑械薪写褍褦褌褜褋褟 胁褋褌邪薪芯胁懈褌懈 褍褋褨
褉械泻芯屑械薪写芯胁邪薪褨 胁懈褉芯斜薪懈泻芯屑 芯薪芯胁谢械薪薪褟 锌褉芯褕懈胁泻懈.
1.4 UEFI, GPT 褨 褉芯蟹写褨谢懈 MS-DOS
袪邪蟹芯屑 褨蟹 褋锌械褑懈褎褨泻邪褑褨褦褞 EFI/UEFI 蟹邪褋褌芯褋芯胁褍褦褌褜褋褟 薪芯胁懈泄 褋锌芯褋褨斜 褉芯蟹斜懈褌褌褟: GPT (GUID
Partition Table). 袙褨薪 胁懈泻芯褉懈褋褌芯胁褍褦 谐谢芯斜邪谢褜薪芯 褍薪褨泻邪谢褜薪褨 褨写械薪褌懈褎褨泻邪褌芯褉懈
(128-斜褨褌薪褨 蟹薪邪褔械薪薪褟 褍 胁懈谐谢褟写褨 32 褕褨褋褌薪邪写褑褟褌泻芯胁懈褏 褑懈褎褉) 写谢褟 胁懈蟹薪邪褔械薪薪褟 锌褉懈褋褌褉芯褩胁
褨 褌懈锌褨胁 褉芯蟹写褨谢褨胁.
袣褉褨屑 褑褜芯谐芯, 褋锌械褑懈褎褨泻邪褑褨褟 UEFI 写芯蟹胁芯谢褟褦 胁懈泻芯褉懈褋褌邪薪薪褟 蟹邪褋褌邪褉褨谢懈褏 褉芯蟹写褨谢褨胁 MBR
(MS-DOS). 袟邪胁邪薪褌邪卸褍胁邪褔褨 Linux (ELILO 邪斜芯 GRUB2) 薪邪屑邪谐邪褞褌褜褋褟 邪胁褌芯屑邪褌懈褔薪芯
褋褌胁芯褉懈褌懈 GUID 写谢褟 褌邪泻懈褏 褉芯蟹写褨谢褨胁 褨 蟹斜械褉械谐褌懈 蟹屑褨薪懈 胁 锌褉芯褕懈胁褑褨. 孝邪泻褨 GUID 屑芯卸褍褌褜
褔邪褋褌芯 蟹屑褨薪褞胁邪褌懈褋褟, 褖芯 锌褉懈蟹胁芯写懈褌褜 写芯 锌械褉械蟹邪锌懈褋褍 写邪薪懈褏 锌褉芯褕懈胁泻懈. 袩械褉械蟹邪锌懈褋
褋泻谢邪写邪褦褌褜褋褟 蟹 写胁芯褏 褉褨蟹薪懈褏 写褨泄: 胁懈写邪谢械薪薪褟 褋褌邪褉芯谐芯 蟹邪锌懈褋褍 褨 褋褌胁芯褉械薪薪褟 薪芯胁芯谐芯
蟹邪锌懈褋褍 蟹邪屑褨褋褌褜 褋褌邪褉芯谐芯.
校 褋褍褔邪褋薪懈褏 锌褉芯褕懈胁泻邪褏 薪邪褟胁薪懈泄 蟹斜懈褉邪褔 褋屑褨褌褌褟, 褖芯 蟹斜懈褉邪褦 胁懈写邪谢械薪褨 蟹邪锌懈褋懈 褌邪
蟹胁褨谢褜薪褟褦 锌邪屑'褟褌褜, 蟹邪褉械蟹械褉胁芯胁邪薪褍 锌褨写 褋褌邪褉褨 蟹邪锌懈褋懈. 袩褉芯斜谢械屑邪 胁懈薪懈泻邪褦 褍 胁懈锌邪写泻褍,
泻芯谢懈 薪械锌褉懈写邪褌薪邪 锌褉芯褕懈胁泻邪 薪械 蟹胁褨谢褜薪褟褦 褌邪泻褨 蟹邪锌懈褋懈. 笑械 屑芯卸械 锌褉懈蟹胁械褋褌懈 写芯
薪械屑芯卸谢懈胁芯褋褌褨 蟹邪胁邪薪褌邪卸械薪薪褟 褋懈褋褌械屑懈.
些芯斜 褍薪懈泻薪褍褌懈 锌芯写褨斜薪懈褏 锌褉芯斜谢械屑, 蟹屑褨薪褨褌褜 蟹邪褋褌邪褉褨谢懈泄 褉芯蟹写褨谢 MBR 褍 薪芯胁懈泄 GPT.
2 袨薪芯胁谢械薪薪褟 褋懈褋褌械屑懈
校 褑褜芯屑褍 褉芯蟹写褨谢褨 薪邪胁械写械薪芯 锌褉懈屑褨褌泻懈, 锌芯胁鈥櫻徯沸靶窖� 蟹 芯薪芯胁谢械薪薪褟屑 褋懈褋褌械屑懈. 袩褨写褌褉懈屑褍胁邪薪褨
褋褑械薪邪褉褨褩 褌邪 写械褌邪谢褜薪褨 褨薪褋褌褉褍泻褑褨褩 蟹 芯薪芯胁谢械薪薪褟 写懈胁. 褍 写芯泻褍屑械薪褌邪褑褨褩 蟹邪 邪写褉械褋芯褞:
鈥� https://en.opensuse.org/SDB:System_upgrade
鈥� https://doc.opensuse.org/documentation/leap/startup/html/
book.opensuse.startup/cha-update-osuse.html
孝邪泻芯卸 锌械褉械胁褨褉褌械 袪芯蟹写褨谢聽3, 芦袟屑褨薪懈 褍 锌邪泻褍薪泻邪褏禄.
3 袟屑褨薪懈 褍 锌邪泻褍薪泻邪褏
3.1 袟邪褋褌邪褉褨谢褨 锌邪泻褍薪泻懈
袟邪褋褌邪褉褨谢褨 锌邪泻褍薪泻懈 胁褋械 褖械 锌芯褋褌邪褔邪褞褌褜褋褟 褍 胁懈谐谢褟写褨 褔邪褋褌懈薪懈 写懈褋褌褉懈斜褍褌懈胁褍, 邪谢械
锌谢邪薪褍褦褌褜褋褟, 褖芯 胁芯薪懈 斜褍写褍褌褜 胁懈写邪谢械薪褨 褍 薪邪褋褌褍锌薪褨泄 胁械褉褋褨褩 openSUSE Leap. 笑褨
锌邪泻褍薪泻懈 褨褋薪褍褞褌褜 写谢褟 褋锌褉懈褟薪薪褟 屑褨谐褉邪褑褨褩, 邪谢械 褩褏薪褦 胁懈泻芯褉懈褋褌邪薪薪褟 薪械 褉械泻芯屑械薪写褍褦褌褜褋褟
褨 写谢褟 薪懈褏 屑芯卸褍褌褜 斜褍褌懈 胁褨写褋褍褌薪褨 芯薪芯胁谢械薪薪褟.
些芯斜 锌械褉械胁褨褉懈褌懈, 褔懈 屑邪褞褌褜 锌褨写褌褉懈屑泻褍 胁褋褌邪薪芯胁谢械薪褨 锌邪泻褍薪泻懈, 锌械褉械泻芯薪邪泄褌械褋褟, 褖芯
胁褋褌邪薪芯胁谢械薪芯 lifecycle-data-openSUSE, 邪 锌芯褌褨屑 胁懈泻芯褉懈褋褌芯胁褍泄褌械 泻芯屑邪薪写褍:
zypper lifecycle
3.2 袙懈谢褍褔械薪褨 锌邪泻褍薪泻懈
袙懈谢褍褔械薪褨 锌邪泻褍薪泻懈 斜褨谢褜褕械 薪械 褉芯蟹锌芯胁褋褞写卸褍褞褌褜褋褟 褟泻 褔邪褋褌懈薪邪 写懈褋褌褉懈斜褍褌懈胁褍.
鈥� python2: 袩械褉褨芯写 锌褨写褌褉懈屑泻懈 Python 2 写芯斜褨谐 写芯 蟹邪胁械褉褕械薪薪褟 褌邪 斜褨谢褜褕械 薪械 斜褍写械
褔邪褋褌懈薪芯褞 写懈褋褌褉懈斜褍褌懈胁褍. 袟邪 锌芯写褉芯斜懈褑褟屑懈 写懈胁. https://code.opensuse.org/leap/
features/issue/15.
鈥� cloud-init-vmware-guestinfo: 锌邪泻褍薪芯泻 薪械 锌褉邪褑褞褦 蟹 cloud-init 胁械褉褋褨褩 21.2 褌邪
锌褨蟹薪褨褕懈褏 胁械褉褋褨泄. 校 cloud-init 21.4 褦 薪芯胁械 写卸械褉械谢芯 写邪薪懈褏, 褟泻械 蟹邪屑褨薪褞褦 泄芯谐芯.
鈥� digikam: Digikam 斜褨谢褜褕械 薪械 写芯褋褌褍锌薪懈泄 薪邪 ppc64le, 芯褋泻褨谢褜泻懈 libqt5-qtwebkit
斜褍谢芯 胁懈谢褍褔械薪芯. 袩邪泻褍薪芯泻 斜褍写械 薪邪写邪薪芯 谢懈褕械 写谢褟 邪褉褏褨褌械泻褌褍褉 x86_64, aarch64 褌邪
armv7.
鈥� chessx: 袙懈谢褍褔械薪芯 褔械褉械蟹 胁邪写懈 蟹邪锌褍褋泻褍 褌邪 锌褉芯斜谢械屑懈 蟹 写卸械褉械谢芯屑 泻芯写褍. 袟邪
锌芯写褉芯斜懈褑褟屑懈 写懈胁. https://bugzilla.opensuse.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1192907.
鈥� gap: 袙懈谢褍褔械薪芯, 芯褋泻褨谢褜泻懈 锌邪泻褍薪芯泻 薪械 胁褨写锌芯胁褨写邪褦 褋褍屑褨褋薪芯褋褌褨 蟹 FHS. 袟邪
锌芯写褉芯斜懈褑褟屑懈 写懈胁. https://code.opensuse.org/leap/features/issue/24.
鈥� tensorflow: 胁懈谢褍褔械薪芯, 芯褋泻褨谢褜泻懈 锌邪泻褍薪芯泻 Tensorflow 1.x 蟹邪褋褌邪褉褨胁, 蟹邪屑褨褋褌褜
薪褜芯谐芯 褋谢褨写 胁懈泻芯褉懈褋褌芯胁褍胁邪褌懈 锌邪泻褍薪芯泻 tensorflow2.
4 袛褉邪泄胁械褉懈 褌邪 芯斜谢邪写薪邪薪薪褟
4.1 Secure Boot: 褋褌芯褉芯薪薪褨 写褉邪泄胁械褉懈 锌芯胁懈薪薪褨 斜褍褌懈 薪邪谢械卸薪懈屑 褔懈薪芯屑 锌褨写锌懈褋邪薪褨
Starting with openSUSE Leap 15.2, kernel module signature check for third-party
drivers (CONFIG_MODULE_SIG=y) is now enabled. This is an important security
measure to avoid untrusted code running in the kernel.
笑械 屑芯卸械 蟹邪胁邪写懈褌懈 蟹邪胁邪薪褌邪卸械薪薪褞 屑芯写褍谢褨胁 褟写褉邪 褋褌芯褉芯薪薪褨褏 胁懈褉芯斜薪懈泻褨胁, 褟泻褖芯 胁胁褨屑泻薪械薪芯
UEFI Secure Boot. 袩邪泻褍薪泻懈 屑芯写褍谢褨胁 褟写褉邪 (KMP) 蟹 芯褎褨褑褨泄薪懈褏 褋褏芯胁懈褖 openSUSE 褑械 薪械
褋褌芯褋褍褦褌褜褋褟, 芯褋泻褨谢褜泻懈 屑芯写褍谢褨, 褟泻褨 胁芯薪懈 屑褨褋褌褟褌褜, 锌褨写锌懈褋邪薪褨 泻谢褞褔械屑 openSUSE.
袩械褉械胁褨褉泻邪 锌褨写锌懈褋褍 屑邪褦 褌邪泻褍 锌芯胁械写褨薪泻褍:
鈥� 袦芯写褍谢褨 褟写褉邪, 褟泻褨 薪械 锌褨写锌懈褋邪薪褨 邪斜芯 锌褨写锌懈褋邪薪褨 泻谢褞褔械屑, 褟泻懈泄 胁褨写芯屑懈泄 褟泻
薪械薪邪写褨泄薪懈泄 邪斜芯 薪械 屑芯卸械 斜褍褌懈 锌械褉械胁褨褉械薪懈泄 褍 斜邪蟹褨 写邪薪懈褏 薪邪写褨泄薪懈褏 泻谢褞褔褨胁
褋懈褋褌械屑懈, 斜褍写械 蟹邪斜谢芯泻芯胁邪薪芯.
袦芯卸薪邪 褋褌胁芯褉懈褌懈 胁谢邪褋薪懈泄 褋械褉褌懈褎褨泻邪褌, 蟹邪褉械褦褋褌褉褍胁邪褌懈 泄芯谐芯 胁 褋懈褋褌械屑薪褨泄 斜邪蟹褨 写邪薪懈褏
Machine Owner Key (MOK) 褌邪 锌褨写锌懈褋邪褌懈 谢芯泻邪谢褜薪芯 褋泻芯屑锌褨谢褜芯胁邪薪褨 屑芯写褍谢褨 褟写褉邪 褑懈屑
泻谢褞褔械屑 褋械褉褌懈褎褨泻邪褌邪. 袦芯写褍谢褨, 锌褨写锌懈褋邪薪褨 褌邪泻懈屑 褔懈薪芯屑, 薪械 斜褍写褍褌褜 邪薪褨 斜谢芯泻褍胁邪褌懈褋褟,
邪薪褨 胁懈泻谢懈泻邪褌懈 锌芯锌械褉械写卸械薪薪褟. 袛懈胁. https://en.opensuse.org/openSUSE:UEFI.
袨褋泻褨谢褜泻懈 褑械 褌邪泻芯卸 胁锌谢懈胁邪褦 薪邪 谐褉邪褎褨褔薪褨 写褉邪泄胁械褉懈 NVIDIA, 屑懈 褉芯蟹谐谢褟薪褍谢懈 褑械 胁 薪邪褕懈褏
芯褎褨褑褨泄薪懈褏 锌邪泻褍薪泻邪褏 写谢褟 openSUSE. 袨写薪邪泻 胁邪屑 锌芯褌褉褨斜薪芯 胁褉褍褔薪褍 蟹邪褉械褦褋褌褉褍胁邪褌懈 薪芯胁懈泄
泻谢褞褔 MOK 锌褨褋谢褟 胁褋褌邪薪芯胁谢械薪薪褟, 褖芯斜 薪芯胁褨 锌邪泻褍薪泻懈 锌褉邪褑褞胁邪谢懈. 袛谢褟 芯褌褉懈屑邪薪薪褟
褨薪褋褌褉褍泻褑褨褩 褖芯写芯 胁褋褌邪薪芯胁谢械薪薪褟 写褉邪泄胁械褉褨胁 褌邪 褉械褦褋褌褉邪褑褨褩 泻谢褞褔邪 MOK, 写懈胁. https://
en.opensuse.org/SDB:NVIDIA_drivers#Secureboot.
5 小褌褨谢褜薪懈褑褟
笑械泄 褉芯蟹写褨谢 锌械褉械褉邪褏芯胁褍褦 薪械谐邪褉邪蟹写懈 褌邪 蟹屑褨薪懈 褖芯写芯 褋褌褨谢褜薪懈褔薪芯谐芯 芯褌芯褔械薪薪褟 胁 openSUSE
Leap 15.4.
5.1 袙懈谢褍褔械薪薪褟 KDE 4 褌邪 Qt 4
袩邪泻褍薪泻懈 KDE 4 薪械 斜褍写褍褌褜 褔邪褋褌懈薪芯褞 openSUSE Leap 15.4. 袘褍写褜 谢邪褋泻邪, 芯薪芯胁褨褌褜 褋胁芯褞
褋懈褋褌械屑褍 写芯 Plasma 5 褌邪 Qt 5. 袛械褟泻褨 蟹 锌邪泻褍薪泻褨胁 Qt 4 屑芯卸褍褌褜 蟹邪谢懈褕懈褌懈褋褟 蟹
屑褨褉泻褍胁邪薪褜 褋褍屑褨褋薪芯褋褌褨. https://bugzilla.opensuse.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1179613.
6 袛芯写邪褌泻芯胁褨 胁褨写芯屑芯褋褌褨 褌邪 蟹胁芯褉芯褌薪褨泄 蟹胁'褟蟹芯泻
鈥� 袩褉芯褔懈褌邪泄褌械 写芯泻褍屑械薪褌懈 README 薪邪 薪芯褋褨褦胁褨.
鈥� 袩械褉械谐谢褟薪褍褌懈 写芯泻谢邪写薪懈泄 卸褍褉薪邪谢 蟹屑褨薪 泻芯薪泻褉械褌薪芯谐芯 锌邪泻褍薪泻褍 蟹邪 写芯锌芯屑芯谐芯褞 RPM:
rpm --changelog -qp 袧袗袟袙袗_肖袗袡袥校.rpm
袟邪屑褨薪褨褌褜 袧袗袟袙袗_肖袗袡袥校 薪邪蟹胁芯褞 锌邪泻褍薪泻褍 RPM.
鈥� 啸褉芯薪芯谢芯谐褨褔薪懈泄 卸褍褉薪邪谢 褍褋褨褏 蟹屑褨薪 胁 芯薪芯胁谢械薪懈褏 锌邪泻褍薪泻邪褏 薪邪胁械写械薪芯 褍 褎邪泄谢褨
ChangeLog 薪邪 胁械褉褏薪褜芯屑褍 褉褨胁薪褨 薪芯褋褨褟.
鈥� 袘褨谢褜褕械 褨薪褎芯褉屑邪褑褨褩 胁懈 蟹薪邪泄写械褌械 褍 褌械褑褨 docu 薪邪 薪芯褋褨褦胁褨.
鈥� 袛芯写邪褌泻芯胁褍 褌邪 芯薪芯胁谢械薪褍 写芯泻褍屑械薪褌邪褑褨褞 屑芯卸薪邪 蟹薪邪泄褌懈 薪邪 https://doc.opensuse.org
/.
鈥� 袧邪泄褋胁褨卸褨褕褨 薪芯胁懈薪懈 锌褉芯 锌褉芯写褍泻褌懈 胁褨写 openSUSE 屑芯卸薪邪 蟹薪邪泄褌懈 薪邪 https://
www.opensuse.org.
袗胁褌芯褉褋褜泻褨 锌褉邪胁邪 漏 SUSE LLC
漏 2022 SUSE